This book offers a comprehensive, unique and up-to-date exploration of diatom ecology spanning from fundamental molecular aspects to the intricate dynamics of metacommunities. In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the amount of research devoted to diatom ecology, with a wide spectrum of approaches. This large amount of information, published in many different journals and books, makes it very difficult to keep up to date, both for the trained researcher and for students. Eduardo A. Morales (d. May 2023) had the original idea to assemble chapters on various subjects within diatom ecology. The questions he posed to potential contributors framed the current book consisting of 12 chapters. Are diatoms suitable tools for ecological restoration? What would be the features that make them reliable in this context? What makes diatoms ecologically successful? In an ecological sense, why is there such variability in diatom reproductive strategies and why are they worth considering? What do new approaches in ecological synthesis provide to diatom ecology, biogeography and metacommunities? Are all diatoms widely spread and each species uniquely characterized by its own, unaltered phenotype? Can we really make any ecological consideration without knowing (with a high degree of certainty) the identity of taxa? Are urban ecosystems important repositories of biodiversity? What are the benefits and the progress in diatom ecology made by the diatom guild perspective? Why, how and when are soil diatoms used in bioindication and what are the benefits of such an approach? Are diatoms bona fide indicators of climate change? Are diatom communities in temporary rivers important for these lotic ecosystems as they are subjected to the effects of climate change? Do diatoms in peatlands behave differently from their terrestrial and aquatic (rivers, lakes, others) counterparts? Audience
The book is intended primarily for professionals in the fields of diatom research, algal research (phycology), organismal, population and community ecology, limnology, microbiology, organismal biology, paleoecology and paleolimnology. The book will also serve as a reference for graduate students seeking guidance on terminology, techniques, and current methods in diatom research.
The convergence of Artif?icial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) is reshaping the way industries, businesses, and economies function; the 34 chapters in this collection show how the full potential of these technologies is being enabled to create intelligent machines that simulate smart behavior and support decision-making with little or no human interference, thereby providing startling organizational efficiencies. Readers will discover that in Reshaping Intelligent Business and Industry: The book unpacks the two superpowers of innovation, AI and IoT, and explains how they connect to better communicate and exchange information about online activities; How the center and the network's edge generate predictive analytics or anomaly alerts; The meaning of AI at the edge and IoT networks. How bandwidth is reduced and privacy and security are enhanced; How AI applications increase operating efficiency, spawn new products and services, and enhance risk management; How AI and IoT create 'intelligent' devices and how new AI technology enables IoT to reach its full potential; Analyzes AIOT platforms and the handling of personal information for shared frameworks that remain sensitive to customers' privacy while effectively utilizing data. Audience
This book will appeal to all business and organization leaders, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and economists, as well as scientists, engineers, and students working in artificial intelligence, software engineering, and information technology.
This book surveys the models for the origin of life and presents a new model starting with shaped droplets and ending with life as polygonal Archaea; it collects the most published micrographs of Archaea (discovered only in 1977), which support this conclusion, and thus provides the first visual survey of Archaea. Origin of Life via Archaea's purpose is to add a new hypothesis on what are called "shaped droplets", as the starting point, for flat, polygonal Archaea, supporting the Vesicles First hypothesis. The book contains over 6000 distinct references and micrographs of 440 extant species of Archaea, 41% of which exhibit polygonal phenotypes. It surveys the intellectual battleground of the many ideas of the origin of life on earth, chemical equilibrium, autocatalysis, and biotic polymers. This book contains 17 chapters, some coauthored, on a wide range of topics on the origin of life, including Archaea's origin, patterns, and species. It shows how various aspects of the origin of life may have occurred at chemical equilibrium, not requiring an energy source, contrary to the general assumption. For the reader's value, its compendium of Archaea micrographs might also serve many other interesting questions about Archaea. One chapter presents a theory for the shape of flat, polygonal Archaea in terms of the energetics at the surface, edges and corners of the S-layer. Another shows how membrane peptides may have originated. The book also includes a large table of most extant Archaea, that is searchable in the electronic version. It ends with a chapter on problems needing further research. Audience This book will be used by astrobiologists, origin of life biologists, physicists of small systems, geologists, biochemists, theoretical and vesicle chemists.
Written and edited by a team of experts in the field, this exciting new volume presents the cutting-edge techniques, latest trends, and state-of-the-art practical applications in linear and nonlinear system modeling. Mathematical modeling of control systems is, essentially, extracting the essence of practical problems into systematic mathematical language. In system modeling, mathematical expression deals with modeling and its applications. It is characterized that how a modeling competency can be categorized and its activity can contribute to building up these competencies. Mathematical modeling of a practical system is an attractive field of research and an advanced subject with a variety of applications. The main objective of mathematical modeling is to predict the behavior of the system under different operating conditions and to design and implement efficient control strategies to achieve the desired performance. A considerable effort has been directed to the development of models, which must be understandable and easy to analyze. It is a very difficult task to develop mathematical modeling of complicated practical systems considering all its possible high-level non-linearity and cross couple dynamics. Although mathematical modeling of nonlinear systems sounds quite interesting, it is difficult to formulate the general solution to analyze and synthesize nonlinear dynamical systems. Most of the natural processes are nonlinear, having very high computational complexity of several numerical issues. It is impossible to create any general solution or individual procedure to develop exact modeling of a non-linear system, which is often improper and too complex for engineering practices. Therefore, some series of approximation procedures are used, in order to get some necessary knowledge about the nonlinear system dynamics. There are several complicated mathematical approaches for solving these types of problems, such as functional analysis, differential geometry or the theory of nonlinear differential equations.
This groundbreaking book offers an in-depth description of sustainable green catalytic processes that have emerged as the means to empower the existing protocols with greener, sustainable, and environmentally benign versions that hold enormous potential in industry and society. Growing worldwide concerns about environmental pollution and global warming have directed the attention of scientists towards approaches for developing sustainable protocols, and the need for employing greener and more sustainable catalytic approaches that are environmentally greener and more eco-friendly than current ones. Green and sustainable catalysts are the one class of catalysts that possess higher selectivity and activity, efficient recovery from the reaction medium, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and are prepared using environmentally benign preparation techniques. The most potent instrument in organic synthesis, and the cornerstone of green chemistry, is catalysis which has broadened the possibilities for organic transformations in the direction of a sustainable future. The catalyst has been playing a vital role, from the improvement of reaction conditions to enhanced selectivity towards the intended product and a decrease in the creation of byproducts. The purpose of this book is to highlight the developments made towards designing new catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalyst, nanocatalyst, photocatalyst, nanophotocatalyst, biocatalyst, nanobiocatalyst, metal catalyst etc,.) and present the advancements in the field of chemical synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications. The other environmentally friendly method is the enzymatic synthesis of organic molecules, which substitutes safe reagents for those that imitate the biosynthetic route to synthesize the desired organic molecules. With its ability to produce transformations that occasionally enable the reduction of steps in a synthetic route, biophotocatalysis has long been recognized as a green technology and key to creating environmentally friendly and sustainable chemistry. The employment of sustainable green processes on the most crucial reaction steps of the synthetic protocol satisfies contemporary needs for environmentally friendly operations during the creation of valuable chemicals. Readers will find the book: details new catalysts development designs (homo and heterogeneous); presents the advancement of organic synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications; elaborates on preparation techniques for green and sustainable catalysts that possess higher activity, efficient recovery, and cost-effectiveness; discusses how to epitomize a green approach towards the preparation of organic moieties via enzymatic synthesis; analyzes nano-catalysis with green-based reagents and solvents that allow producers to follow the fundamental pillars of the green economy; elucidates green chemistry's principles and metrics of the chemical's life cycle and design through disposal. Audience The core audiences for this book include scientists and engineers working in green chemistry, materials science, photocatalysts, biotechnology, nanotechnology, waste minimization, and sustainability. This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, R&D experts, and researchers in academic and industrial fields of chemical synthesis.
This is the most comprehensive dictionary of maintenance and reliability terms ever compiled, covering the process, manufacturing, and other related industries, every major area of engineering used in industry, and more. The over 15,000 entries are all alphabetically arranged and include special features to encourage usage and understanding. They are supplemented by hundreds of figures and tables that clearly demonstrate the principles & concepts behind important process control, instrumentation, reliability, machinery, asset management, lubrication, corrosion, and much much more.
With contributions by leading researchers in the field:
Zaki Yamani Bin Zakaria Department, Chemical Engineering, Faculty Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Jelenka B. Savkovic-Stevanovic, Chemical Engineering Dept, University of Belgrade, Serbia Jim Drago, PE, Garlock an EnPro Industries family of companies, USA Robert Perez, President of Pumpcalcs, USA Luiz Alberto Verri, Independent Consultatnt, Verri Veritatis Consultoria, Brasil Matt Tones, Garlock an EnPro Industries family of companies, USA Dr. Reza Javaherdashti, formerly with Qatar University, Doha-Qatar Prof. Semra Bilgic, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ankara University, Turkey Dr. Mazura Jusoh , Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Jayesh Ramesh Tekchandaney, Unique Mixers and Furnaces Pvt. Ltd. Dr. Henry Tan, Senior Lecturer in Safety & Reliability Engineering, and Subsea Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen Fiddoson Fiddo, School of Engineering, University of Aberdeen Prof. Roy Johnsen, NTNU, Norway Prof. N. Sitaram , Thermal Turbomachines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai India Ghazaleh Mohammadali, IranOilGas Network Members' Services Greg Livelli, ABB Instrumentation, Warminster, Pennsylvania, USA Gas Processors Suppliers Association (GPSA)
As we enter the Industrial Revolution 4.0, demands for an increasing degree of trust and privacy protection continue to be voiced. The development of blockchain technology is very important because it can help frictionless and transparent financial transactions and improve the business experience, which in turn has far-reaching effects for economic, psychological, educational and organizational improvements in the way we work, teach, learn and care for ourselves and each other. Blockchain is an eccentric technology, but at the same time, the least understood and most disruptive technology of the day. This book covers the latest technologies of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology and their applications. This book discusses the blockchain and cryptocurrencies related issues and also explains how to provide the security differently through an algorithm, framework, approaches, techniques and mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of what blockchain is and how it works, as well as insights into how it will affect the future of your organization and industry as a whole and how to integrate blockchain technology into your business strategy. In addition, the book explores the blockchain and its with other technologies like Internet of Things, big data and artificial intelligence, etc.
This book explores the state-of-the-art information regarding applied soil sciences. It covers the fundamentals, model concepts, principles, chemical reactions, functions, chemical recycling, chemical weathering, acid-base chemistry, carbon sequestration, and nutrient availability of soils. Also, it includes soil chemistry of heavy-metals, environment, clay, ion-exchange processes, analytical tools and applications. This book helps to understand the about soil characteristics targeting soil chemical reactions and interactions and its applications.
Intelligent data analytics for terror threat prediction is an emerging field of research at the intersection of information science and computer science, bringing with it a new era of tremendous opportunities and challenges due to plenty of easily available criminal data for further analysis. This book provides innovative insights that will help obtain interventions to undertake emerging dynamic scenarios of criminal activities. Furthermore, it presents emerging issues, challenges and management strategies in public safety and crime control development across various domains. The book will play a vital role in improvising human life to a great extent. Researchers and practitioners working in the fields of data mining, machine learning and artificial intelligence will greatly benefit from this book, which will be a good addition to the state-of-the-art approaches collected for intelligent data analytics. It will also be very beneficial for those who are new to the field and need to quickly become acquainted with the best performing methods. With this book they will be able to compare different approaches and carry forward their research in the most important areas of this field, which has a direct impact on the betterment of human life by maintaining the security of our society. No other book is currently on the market which provides such a good collection of state-of-the-art methods for intelligent data analytics-based models for terror threat prediction, as intelligent data analytics is a newly emerging field and research in data mining and machine learning is still in the early stage of development.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SECURITY Presenting the concepts and advances of wireless communication security, this volume, written and edited by a global team of experts, also goes into the practical applications for the engineer, student, and other industry professionals. Covering a broad range of topics in wireless communication security and its solutions, this outstanding new volume is of great interest to engineers, scientists, and students from a variety of backgrounds and interests. Focusing on providing the theory of wireless communication within the framework of its practical applications, the contributors take on a wealth of topics, integrating seemingly diverse areas under one cover. Wireless Communication Security has been divided into five units. The first unit presents the different protocols and standards for developing a real-time wireless communication security. The second unit presents different widely accepted networks, which are the core of wireless communication security. Unit three presents the various device and network controlling methodologies. Unit four presents the various high performance and computationally efficient algorithms for efficient and scalable implementation of network protocols, and the last unit presents the leading innovations and variety of usage of wireless communication security. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in these areas, this is a must-have for any library.
The book provides a single volume covering detailed descriptions about various delivery systems, their principles and how these are put in use for the treatment of multiple diseases. It is divided into four sections where the first section deals with the introduction and importance of novel drug delivery system. The second section deals with the most advanced drug delivery systems like microbubbles, dendrimers, lipid-based nanoparticles, nanofibers, microemulsions etc., describing the major principles and techniques of the preparations of the drug delivery systems. The third section elaborates on the treatments of diverse diseases like cancer, topical diseases, tuberculosis etc. The fourth and final section provides a brief informative description about the regulatory aspects of novel drug delivery system that is followed in various countries.
BIOINFORMATICS AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS The main topics addressed in this book are big data analytics problems in bioinformatics research such as microarray data analysis, sequence analysis, genomics-based analytics, disease network analysis, techniques for big data analytics, and health information technology. Bioinformatics and Medical Applications: Big Data Using Deep Learning Algorithms analyses massive biological datasets using computational approaches and the latest cutting-edge technologies to capture and interpret biological data. The book delivers various bioinformatics computational methods used to identify diseases at an early stage by assembling cutting-edge resources into a single collection designed to enlighten the reader on topics focusing on computer science, mathematics, and biology. In modern biology and medicine, bioinformatics is critical for data management. This book explains the bioinformatician's important tools and examines how they are used to evaluate biological data and advance disease knowledge. The editors have curated a distinguished group of perceptive and concise chapters that presents the current state of medical treatments and systems and offers emerging solutions for a more personalized approach to healthcare. Applying deep learning techniques for data-driven solutions in health information allows automated analysis whose method can be more advantageous in supporting the problems arising from medical and health-related information. Audience The primary audience for the book includes specialists, researchers, postgraduates, designers, experts, and engineers, who are occupied with biometric research and security-related issues.
The book provides a comprehensive detailed summary of current status on skin microbiome research in health and disease as well as key regulatory and legal aspects. In the past decade, interest and technology have greatly advanced to unravel the nature and effect of skin microbiome on our health. Diseases such as atopic dermatitis and acne are at the forefront of this research, but also other conditions such as skin cancer are under investigation. In addition, mapping of the skin microbiome has gone from basic to more detailed with attempts to correlate it to various ages, ethnicities and genders. In parallel to mapping it, a great deal of research is dedicated to understanding its functionality and communication (and hence effect) on human cells. The Skin Microbiome Handbook is a summary of current status of knowledge, research tools and approaches in skin microbiome, in health and disease. It contains the following categories: healthy skin microbiome and oral-skin interaction; skin microbiome observational research; skin microbiome in disequilibrium and disease; skin's innate immunity; testing and study design; regulatory and legal aspects for skin microbiome related products. The 18 chapters of the book are written by carefully selected leaders in the academia and industry exhibiting extensive experience and understanding in the areas of interest.
The data in this book are new or updated, and will serve also as Origin of Life and evolutionary studies. Endospores of bacteria have a long history of use as model organisms in astrobiology, including survival in extreme environments and interplanetary transfer of life. Numerous other bacteria as well as archaea, lichens, fungi, algae and tiny animals (tardigrades, or water bears) are now being investigated for their tolerance to extreme conditions in simulated or real space environments. Experimental results from exposure studies on the International Space Station and space probes for up to 1.5 years are presented and discussed. Suggestions for extaterrestrial energy sources are also indicated. Audience Researchers and graduate students in microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology and astrobiology, as well as anyone interested in the search for extraterrestrial life and its technical preparations.
When considering the idea of using machine learning in healthcare, it is a Herculean task to present the entire gamut of information in the field of intelligent systems. It is, therefore the objective of this book to keep the presentation narrow and intensive. This approach is distinct from others in that it presents detailed computer simulations for all models presented with explanations of the program code. It includes unique and distinctive chapters on disease diagnosis, telemedicine, medical imaging, smart health monitoring, social media healthcare, and machine learning for COVID-19. These chapters help develop a clear understanding of the working of an algorithm while strengthening logical thinking. In this environment, answering a single question may require accessing several data sources and calling on sophisticated analysis tools. While data integration is a dynamic research area in the database community, the specific needs of research have led to the development of numerous middleware systems that provide seamless data access in a result-driven environment. Since this book is intended to be useful to a wide audience, students, researchers and scientists from both academia and industry may all benefit from this material. It contains a comprehensive description of issues for healthcare data management and an overview of existing systems, making it appropriate for introductory and instructional purposes. Prerequisites are minimal; the readers are expected to have basic knowledge of machine learning. This book is divided into 22 real-time innovative chapters which provide a variety of application examples in different domains. These chapters illustrate why traditional approaches often fail to meet customers' needs. The presented approaches provide a comprehensive overview of current technology. Each of these chapters, which are written by the main inventors of the presented systems, specifies requirements and provides a description of both the chosen approach and its implementation. Because of the self-contained nature of these chapters, they may be read in any order. Each of the chapters use various technical terms which involve expertise in machine learning and computer science.
There is not a single industry which will not be transformed by machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT). IoT and machine learning have altogether changed the technological scenario by letting the user monitor and control things based on the prediction made by machine learning algorithms. There has been substantial progress in the usage of platforms, technologies and applications that are based on these technologies. These breakthrough technologies affect not just the software perspective of the industry, but they cut across areas like smart cities, smart healthcare, smart retail, smart monitoring, control, and others. Because of these "game changers," governments, along with top companies around the world, are investing heavily in its research and development. Keeping pace with the latest trends, endless research, and new developments is paramount to innovate systems that are not only user-friendly but also speak to the growing needs and demands of society. This volume is focused on saving energy at different levels of design and automation including the concept of machine learning automation and prediction modeling. It also deals with the design and analysis for IoT-enabled systems including energy saving aspects at different level of operation. The editors and contributors also cover the fundamental concepts of IoT and machine learning, including the latest research, technological developments, and practical applications. Valuable as a learning tool for beginners in this area as well as a daily reference for engineers and scientists working in the area of IoT and machine technology, this is a must-have for any library.
The book is a comprehensive deep-dive into the developments and advancements of emerging carbon-based nanocomposites for wastewater applications. Science and technology development are tackling one of the world's most pressing concerns-water contamination and effective treatment. Carbon-based nanocomposites have emerged as one of the leading materials in this treatment push because of their properties and high ability for the catalytic degradation of contaminants from aqueous segments. The 10 chapters in this timely book cover the follows areas: Carbon-based nanocomposites for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater Functional green carbon nanocomposites for heavy-metal treatment in water Green nanocomposites and applications in environmentally-friendly carbon nanomaterials Carbon-based nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for organic reactions in environment-friendly solvents Carbon-based polymer nanocomposite applications Biochar-based adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous systems Carbon nanomaterial-based green nanocomposites The removal of trihalomethanes from water using nanofiltration membranes Nanocomposite materials as electrode materials in microbial fuel cells for the removal of water pollutants Plasmonic smart nanosensors for the determination of environmental pollutants.
PETROLEUM REFINING This fourth volume in the Petroleum Refining set, this book continues the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student. This book provides the design of heat exchanger equipment, crude oil fouling in pre-heat train exchangers, crude oil fouling models, fouling mitigation and monitoring, prevention and control of liquid and gas side fouling, using the Excel spreadsheet and UniSim design software for the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, double pipe heat exchangers, air-cooled exchangers, heat loss tracing for process piping, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets and process safety incidents involving these equipment items and pertinent industrial case studies. Use of UniSim Design (UniSim STE) software is illustrated in further elucidation of the design of shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers, and UniSim ExchangerNet R470 for the design of heat exchanger networks using pinch analysis. This is important for determining minimum cold and hot utility requirements, composite curves of hot and cold streams, the grand composite curve, the heat exchanger network, and the relationship between operating cost index target and the capital cost index target against ?Tmin. Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area. This groundbreaking new volume: Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications Provides improved design manuals to methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts Covers a complete range of basic day-to-day petroleum refining operations topics with new materials on significant industry changes Extensive Excel spreadsheets for the design of process vessels for mechanical separation of two-phase and three-phase fluids, double-pipe heat exchanger, air-cooled exchanger, pinch analysis for hot and cold utility targets. Provides UniSim ®-based case studies for enabling simulation of key processes outlined in the book Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications Has a related website that includes computer applications along with spreadsheets and concise applied process design flow charts and process data sheets Provides various case studies of process safety incidents in refineries and means of mitigating these from investigations by the US Chemical Safety Board Includes a vast Glossary of Petroleum and Technical Terminology
This book describes fluorocarbons gases' preparation process, properties, applications and their evolution over time. The impact of fluorocarbons on the ozone layer and global and the development to mitigate those effects have been specially emphasized. The first major industrial fluorinated compound was developed in the 1920's, to replace ammonia and sulfur dioxide refrigerants, at the General Motors Frigidaire Division by Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Albert Leon Henne. They developed a family of fluorocarbons trademarked Freon® for auto air conditioning units revolutionizing the auto industry. Other applications were developed over time including fire extinguishers, propellants, blowing agents, cleaners, anesthesia, artificial blood and others impacting every facet of life. In spite of being in broad global use for nearly a century, fluorocarbon gases have gone through great evolution during the last few decades. In the 1980s it was discovered chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases are harmful to the ozone layer, mainly because of their chlorine content. Chlorine was released in the upper atmosphere when chlorofluorocarbon molecules were broken down by the high energy cosmic radiation. CFCs were progressively banned following the Montreal Protocol of 1987. CFCs were replaced by fluorinated gases containing either less chlorine (hydrofluoro-chlorocarbons, or HCFCs), which are much less damaging (about 90% less) to the ozone layer or with fluorinated gases containing no chlorine, i.e. hydrofluorocarbons or HFCs. HFC have no impact on the ozone layer but impact global warming detrimentally. HFCs are usable without need for changes to the existing refrigeration or air conditioning installations. More recently hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), which have little or no negative impact on global warming, have been developed to replace or reduce the use of HFCs. HFOs are used as single compounds or in blends. Research and development continues to develop and replace the HCFCs and HFCs completely with environmentally friendly products. Concise Handbook of Fluorocarbon Gases presents a reference and text for the commercial fluorocarbon gases which have great many application in a wide range of industries such as refrigeration and air conditioning, as well as consumer products.
A must-read for any practicing engineer or student in this area There is a renaissance that is occurring in chemical and process engineering, and it is crucial for today's scientists, engineers, technicians, and operators to stay current. This book offers the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student. Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without.
A solid collection of interdisciplinary review articles on the latest developments in adhesion science and adhesives technology With the ever-increasing amount of research being published, it is a Herculean task to be fully conversant with the latest research developments in any field, and the arena of adhesion and adhesives is no exception. Thus, topical review articles provide an alternate and very efficient way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art in many subjects representing the field of adhesion science and adhesives. Based on the success of the preceding volumes in this series "Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives", the present volume comprises 13 review articles published in Volume 7 (2019) of Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives.The subject of these reviews fall into the following general areas. 1. Adhesively bonded joints
2. Adhesives (including bioadhesives) and their applications
3. Nanocomposite polymer adhesives
4. Polymer surface modification
5. Wettability and surface free energy
6. Adhesion of bacteria. The topics covered include: Adhesion behavior of plasma treated steel and its alloys; debonding on demand of adhesively bonded joints; bioadhesive polymers; adhesives in the footwear industry; nanocomposite polymer adhesives; ion beam treatment of polymer surfaces to enhance adhesion; natural to artificial non-wettable surfaces and applications; plasma oxidation of polyolefins; wettability and surface free energy characterization of textiles; bioadhesive nanoformulations; laser-assisted tailoring of surface wettability; functionally graded adhesively bonded joints; adhesion of colloids and bacteria to porous media.
Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications The 2nd edition of this successful Handbook explores the extensive and growing applications made with bioplastics and biocomposites for the packaging, automotive, biomedical, and construction industries. Bioplastics are materials that are being researched as a possible replacement for petroleum-based traditional plastics to make them more environmentally friendly. They are made from renewable resources and may be naturally recycled through biological processes, conserving natural resources and reducing CO2 emissions. The 30 chapters in the Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications discuss a wide range of technologies and classifications concerned with bioplastics and biocomposites with their applications in various paradigms including the engineering segment. Chapters cover the biobased materials; recycling of bioplastics; biocomposites modeling; various biomedical and engineering-based applications including optical devices, smart materials, cosmetics, drug delivery, clinical, electrochemical, industrial, flame retardant, sports, packaging, disposables, and biomass. The different approaches to sustainability are also treated. Audience The Handbook will be of central interest to engineers, scientists, and researchers who are working in the fields of bioplastics, biocomposites, biomaterials for biomedical engineering, biochemistry, and materials science. The book will also be of great importance to engineers in many industries including automotive, biomedical, construction, and food packaging.
The most comprehensive and up-to-date volume on environmental analysis available today, this is the standard laboratory reference for any environmental or chemical engineer, chemist, or scientist. Today, environmental issues are a great cause of concern at the global level, and universities and other institutions around the world are involved in research on climate change, deforestation, pollution control, and many other issues. Moreover, environmental science and environmental biotechnology are inherent parts of various courses while some universities provide degrees in these fields. Although the environment perspective of water is discussed time and again in research, academic, and non-academic discussions, there is no book summarizing protocols involved in water quality analysis. The information seems to be sporadically distributed on the internet. Even if available at all, the information does not discuss limits of the protocols or caveats involved. For example, essays on chemical oxygen demand (COD) on the internet mostly do not discuss differences between organic compounds of biological origin and aliphatic/aromatic. The authors have performed nearly all the protocols mentioned in this new volume, and their protocols are discussed in a simplified, easy-to-understand manner. The book has been written after elaborative discussions with and input from faculty and research students to ensure the clarity of the material for use on many levels. Further, the authors have emphasized low-cost methods which involve minimal use of high-end instrumentation keeping in mind limitations faced in developing countries. A valuable reference for engineers, scientists, chemists, and students, this volume is applicable to many different fields, across many different industries, at all levels. It is a must-have for any library.
RF CIRCUITS FOR 5G APPLICATIONS This book addresses FinFET-based analog IC designing for fifth generation (5G) communication networks and highlights the latest advances, problems, and challenges while presenting the latest research results in the field of mmwave integrated circuits designing. The wireless communication sector is experiencing exponential expansion, particularly in the areas of mobile data and the 5G mobile network, creating fresh market possibilities for designing the integrated circuits (ICs) needed in the industry. Drawing from scientific literature and practical realization, this book explores FinFET-based analog IC designing for 5G communication networks and considers the latest breakthroughs and obstacles. It also presents the recent research trends and future roadmaps for the 5G communication circuits. RF Circuits for 5G Applications includes design guidelines to be considered when designing these circuits and detrimental scaling effects of the same. In addition, to enhance the usability of this book, the editors have included real-time problems in RFIC designing and case studies from experimental results, as well as clearly demarcated design guidelines for the 5G communication ICs designing. Audience The primary target audience includes researchers, postgraduate students, and industry professionals pursuing specializations in RF engineering, electronics engineering, electrical engineering, information, and communication technology.
